- Input and Output.
- Build In data types
- Operations (for all data types)
- conditional statements and loops
- functions
- Classes and Objects
Yes, it is as simple as this. Throw in a couple of other syntaxes and you are a beginner level programmer in the chosen programming language.
For example, lets’ take Java programming language.
- Input and output :
- Input methods
There are three methods of taking in input from the user (interactively).
- Output methods
System.out.println : prints output in the next line and System.out.print : prints output in the same line.
2. Build In data types are as follows :
- Boolean (bool)
- Character (char)
- Integer (int, byte, short, long)
- Floating-point / Decimals (float, double)
- String (String)
Note: Also note other data types implemented in Java as well if you plan on learning it thoroughly such as collections — Set, List, Queue, Dequeue, Vector, ArrayList, LinkedList, etc.)
Try hard-coding these values and printing them, try getting these values from the users, and then printing them to get a hang of how they are declared, initialized, and assigned.
3. Operations
Here make sure you cover operations over all the data types you’ve learnt previously. But other than that, there are these common operations used upon primitive data types. These refer to the actions or manipulations that can be performed on different data types in a programming language. Common operations include:
- Arithmetic Operations: Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*), Division (/), Modulo (%), etc.
- Comparison Operations: Equal to (==), Not equal to (!=), Greater than (>), Less than (<), Greater than or equal to (>=), Less than or equal to (<=), etc.
- Logical Operations: AND (&&), OR (||), NOT (!), etc.
These operations can be used with different data types like numbers, strings, booleans, and more. There are many more respective to each programming language.
4. Conditional Statements and Loops:
Conditional statements allow you to make decisions in your code based on certain conditions. The most common conditional statement is the “if” statement, which executes a block of code if a given condition is true. For example:
x = 10
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
else:
print("x is not greater than 5")
Loops are used to repeat a block of code multiple times. There are two primary types of loops:
- “for” loop: Iterates over a sequence (like a list or string) a specified number of times.
- “while” loop: Repeats a block of code as long as a given condition is true.
Example:
# For loop
for i in range(5):
print(i)
# While loop
x = 0
while x < 5:
print(x)
x += 1
5. Functions:
Functions are blocks of code that perform a specific task. They allow you to break down your code into smaller, reusable pieces. Functions can take inputs (arguments) and can return outputs. Defining a function in Python looks like this:
def add_numbers(a, b):
return a + b
result = add_numbers(2, 3) # result will be 5
6. Classes and Objects:
Classes are like blueprints for creating objects, which are instances of those classes. A class defines the properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) of the objects that will be created from it. For example:
class Car:
def __init__(self, brand, model):
self.brand = brand
self.model = model
def start_engine(self):
print("Engine started")my_car = Car("Toyota", "Camry")
print(my_car.brand) # Output: Toyota
my_car.start_engine() # Output: Engine started
In this example, Car
is a class, and my_car
is an object (instance) of the Car
class. Objects can have their own unique attributes and call methods defined in the class.
These concepts are fundamental building blocks in programming and are used in various programming languages to create powerful and flexible code.
Now go ahead and easily grasp any language easily. Cheers! Happy learning!!!!! clap for encouragement, and follow??